• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    The pipe (10) comprises: - a tubular shaft (20) of central axis (A-A ') defining a passage (13) internal fluid circulation; a tubular composite structure (22), applied on the tubular sheath (20) and bonded to the tubular sheath (20), the tubular composite structure (22) comprising at least two laminated reinforcing layers, each reinforcing layer comprising a matrix polymer and reinforcing fibers; at least one tensile armor ply (24, 25), not bonded to the tubular composite structure (22), the traction armor ply (24, 25) comprising at least one armor element (50) wrapped around the tubular composite structure (22); The tubular composite structure (22) comprises at least one anti-delamination layer interposed between two laminated reinforcing layers.
    公开号:FR3059072A1
    申请号:FR1661239
    申请日:2016-11-18
    公开日:2018-05-25
    发明作者:Anh-Tuan Do；Pascal Estrier；Dominique Perreau-Saussine
    申请人:Technip France SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ® FRENCH REPUBLIC
    NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY © Publication number: 3,059,072 (to be used only for reproduction orders)
    ©) National registration number: 16 61239
    COURBEVOIE © IntCI 8
    F16 L 11/10 (2017.01), E 21 B 17/01
    A1 PATENT APPLICATION
    ©) Date of filing: 18.11.16. (© Applicant (s): TECHNIP FRANCE Public limited company (30) Priority: - FR. @ Inventor (s): DO ANH-TUAN, ESTRIER PASCAL and DOMINIQUE PERREAU-SAUSSINE. (43) Date of public availability of the request: 25.05.18 Bulletin 18/21. ©) List of documents cited in the report preliminary research: Refer to end of present booklet (© References to other national documents ©) Holder (s): TECHNIP FRANCE Société anonyme. related: ©) Extension request (s): (© Agent (s): LAVOIX.
    FLEXIBLE FLUID TRANSPORT PIPE, ASSOCIATED INSTALLATION AND METHOD.
    FR 3 059 072 - A1 (3 /) The pipe (10) comprises:
    - a tubular sheath (20) with a central axis (A-A ') defining an internal passage (13) for fluid circulation;
    - a tubular composite structure (22), applied to the tubular sheath (20) and linked to the tubular sheath (20), the tubular composite structure (22) comprising at least two laminated reinforcing layers, each reinforcing layer comprising a matrix made of polymer and reinforcing fibers;
    - at least one ply of tensile armor (24,25), not linked to the tubular composite structure (22), the ply of tensile armor (24, 25) comprising at least one armor element (50) wrapped around the tubular composite structure (22);
    The tubular composite structure (22) comprises at least one anti-delamination layer interposed between two laminated reinforcing layers.
    Flexible fluid transport pipe, installation and associated method
    The present invention relates to a flexible fluid transport pipe, comprising:
    - a tubular sheath with a central axis defining an internal fluid circulation passage;
    - A tubular composite structure, applied to the tubular sheath and linked to the tubular sheath, the tubular composite structure comprising at least two laminated reinforcing layers, each reinforcing layer comprising a polymer matrix and reinforcing fibers;
    - at least one tensile armor ply, not linked to the tubular composite structure, the tensile armor ply comprising at least one armor element wound around the tubular composite structure.
    The flexible pipe is for example made according to the standards published by the American Petroleum Institute (API) API 17J, Issue 4 May 2014 and API RP 17B, 5th Edition - May 2014).
    The pipe is generally formed by a set of concentric and superimposed layers. Within the meaning of the present invention, a layer is considered to be "not linked" to another layer, since it is able to move longitudinally relative to the adjacent layers during bending of the pipe. In particular, an unbound layer is a layer devoid of material binding connecting it to the adjacent layers.
    Flexible pipes of the aforementioned type are used in particular in the deep sea in the oil and gas industry, and generally extend through a body of water between a surface assembly and a bottom assembly. These pipes can also extend between two sets of surfaces.
    The bottom assembly is intended to collect the fluid used in the bottom of the body of water. The entire surface is generally floating. It is intended to collect and distribute the fluid. The surface assembly may be a semi-submersible platform, an FPSO or other floating assembly.
    In a known manner, such a pipe comprises a tubular internal structure comprising at least one tubular sheath. The pipe comprises layers of tensile armor arranged around the internal tubular structure.
    In certain cases, for the exploitation of fluids in deep water, the flexible pipe has a length greater than 800 m, even greater than 1000 m or 2000 m for applications in ultra-deep water.
    For great depths, the hydrostatic pressure applied to the outside of the pipe becomes critical when the internal pressure of the pipe suddenly decreases, for example during a production shutdown.
    In this case, to avoid the collapse of the pipe under the effect of the pressure difference between the outside of the pipe and the inside of the pipe, it is known to place in the tubular sheath an internal carcass. The internal carcass is formed for example of a profiled metal strip, wound in a spiral. The turns of the strip are advantageously stapled to each other, which makes it possible to take up the radial crushing forces.
    The pipe is then designated by the English term "rough bore", because of the geometry of the carcass.
    Such a solution solves the problem of crushing the pipe, but is not entirely satisfactory, especially at great depths.
    First, the presence of a stapled carcass in the fluid circulation passage creates disturbances in the flow of the fluid circulating in the passage, which can lead to undesirable phenomena. In addition, at great depths, fatigue corrosion phenomena become very significant. The tubular sheath also tends to creep inward in the carcass gaps.
    To overcome these problems, GB2504065 describes a flexible pipe of the aforementioned type, comprising a composite reinforcement structure applied around and linked to the internal tubular sheath.
    This composite reinforcing structure replaces both the pressure vault disposed outside the tubular internal sheath and the carcass disposed inside the tubular internal sheath.
    This alleviates driving, and partially solves the aforementioned problems. However, the use of such a structure poses other problems. In particular, the composite structure being produced from a winding of a strip having a high winding angle relative to the axis of the pipe (of the order of 90 °), delamination of the composite structure reinforcement can occur, especially when the pipe evolves in static and dynamic and undergoes significant deformations, in particular in bending. This increases the minimum bend radius of the pipe.
    This is the case in particular during installation, or under the effect of the movements of the pipe in the body of water.
    An object of the invention is therefore to obtain a flexible fluid transport pipe very suitable for great depths, while having high mechanical performance, in particular in bending.
    To this end, the invention relates to a pipe of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the tubular composite structure comprises at least one anti-delamination layer interposed between two laminated reinforcing layers.
    The driving according to the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination:
    - the or each armor element is wound helically around the central axis with a winding angle of between 25 ° and 45 °;
    the anti-delamination layer is formed from a polymer film, from a polymer film impregnated with fibers and / or nanofibers, or / and from a mat of fibers pre-impregnated with a polymer material;
    - The polymer material of the anti-delamination layer is of the same nature as the polymer material forming the matrix of at least one reinforcing layer;
    - The thickness of the or each anti-delamination layer is less than 200 microns, and is in particular between 50 microns and 200 microns;
    at least one reinforcing layer is formed from a helical winding of a composite strip at a first winding angle around the central axis, the first winding angle being between 55 ° and 85 °, especially between 60 ° and 80 °;
    - a first reinforcement layer is formed from a helical winding of a composite strip at a first winding angle around the central axis, the second reinforcement layer located opposite the first reinforcement layer with respect to the anti-delamination layer being formed from a helical winding of a composite strip at a second winding angle around the central axis, opposite to the first winding angle around the central axis;
    - The tubular composite structure comprises at least three laminated reinforcing layers, and between each pair of adjacent reinforcing layers, an anti-delamination layer;
    the tubular composite structure comprises at least three laminated reinforcing layers, a first reinforcing layer and a second reinforcing layer being in contact with each other, the tubular composite structure comprising an anti-delamination layer interposed between the second layer of reinforcement and the third reinforcement layer;
    - the thickness of each reinforcing layer is less than 1 mm and is in particular between 0.1 mm and 1 mm;
    - a hoop wound in a spiral around the or each layer of tensile armor.
    The subject of the invention is also an installation for exploiting fluid through a body of water, comprising:
    - a background set;
    - a set of surfaces;
    - a fluid transport line, connecting the bottom assembly to the surface assembly, the line comprising a bottom section of fluid transport, resting on the bottom of the body of water, a section substantially vertical riser, and a curved intermediate section connecting the bottom section to the substantially vertical section, at least one of the bottom section, the substantially vertical section, and the intermediate section being formed of a flexible pipe as defined above.
    The installation according to the invention may include the following characteristic: the line comprises a head section formed by an unbound flexible pipe. The subject of the invention is also a method of manufacturing a flexible pipe, comprising the following steps:
    - supply of a tubular sheath with a central axis defining an internal fluid circulation passage;
    - Formation of a tubular composite structure, applied to the tubular sheath and linked to the tubular sheath, the tubular composite structure comprising at least two laminated reinforcing layers, each reinforcing layer comprising a polymer matrix and reinforcing fibers;
    - provision, around the tubular composite structure, of at least one ply of tensile armor, not linked to the tubular composite structure, the or each ply of tensile armor comprising at least one armor element wound around the tubular composite structure;
    characterized in that the tubular composite structure comprises at least one anti-delamination layer interposed between two laminated reinforcing layers.
    The method according to the invention may include the following characteristic: the formation of the tubular composite structure comprises the following steps:
    - winding around the tubular sheath of a composite strip comprising a polymer matrix and reinforcing fibers, and heating of the composite strip wound to form a first reinforcing layer;
    winding around the first reinforcing layer, a strip of a polymer film, a polymer film impregnated with fibers, and / or a mat of fibers pre-impregnated with a polymer material, and heating the strip of polymer film, of polymer film impregnated with fibers, or / and of fiber mat pre-impregnated with a polymer material to form the anti-delamination layer, and to assemble it on the first reinforcement layer;
    - winding around the anti-delamination layer of a composite strip comprising a polymer matrix and reinforcing fibers, heating of the composite strip wound to form a second reinforcing layer.
    The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example, and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
    - Figure 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a first flexible pipe according to the invention;
    - Figure 2 is a partial schematic view, taken in section, of a composite reinforcement structure of the pipe of Figure 1;
    - Figures 3 and 4 are partial views, partially in section, of examples of composite strips intended to form a reinforcing layer of the composite reinforcing structure of Figure 2;
    - Figure 5 is a schematic view, in partial perspective, of a manufacturing station of the composite reinforcing structure of Figure 2;
    - Figure 6 is a detail view of the manufacturing station of Figure 5;
    - Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 2, for a second flexible pipe according to the invention;
    - Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 2, for a third flexible pipe according to the invention;
    - Figure 9 is a schematic view of a fluid operating installation comprising a production line formed at least partially of a flexible pipe according to the invention.
    In what follows, the terms “exterior” and “interior” are understood to mean respectively farther radially from the axis of the flexible pipe and as closer radially to the axis of the flexible pipe.
    A first flexible pipe 10 according to the invention is illustrated diagrammatically by FIGS. 1 and 2.
    The flexible pipe 10 comprises a central section 12 illustrated in part in FIG. 1. It comprises, at each of the axial ends of the central section 12, an end piece (not visible)
    Referring to Figure 1, the pipe 10 defines a central passage 13 for the circulation of a fluid, advantageously a petroleum fluid. The central passage 13 extends along an axis A-A ’, between the upstream end and the downstream end of the pipe 10. It opens out through the end fittings.
    The flexible pipe 10 is intended to be disposed through a body of water 14 (visible in FIG. 9) in an installation 15 for exploiting fluid, in particular hydrocarbons.
    The body of water 14 is, for example, a sea, a lake or an ocean. The depth of the body of water at the right of the fluid operating installation is for example between 500 m and 4000 m.
    The fluid operating installation 15 comprises a surface assembly 16, in particular a floating assembly, and a bottom assembly 17 which are generally connected together by a line 18 comprising the flexible pipe 10.
    With reference to FIG. 1, the flexible pipe 10 is of the type described in the normative documents published by the American Petroleum Institute (API), API 17J, and API RP17B.
    As illustrated in FIG. 1, the pipe 10 delimits a plurality of concentric layers around the axis A-A ’, which extend continuously along the central section 12 to the end pieces located at the ends of the pipe.
    The pipe 10 comprises at least one tubular internal sheath 20 based on polymer material advantageously constituting a pressure sheath, and according to the invention, a composite reinforcing structure 22 applied around the tubular sheath 20 by being linked thereto.
    The pipe 10 further comprises a plurality of tensile armor plies 24, 25 disposed externally relative to the composite reinforcing structure 22.
    Advantageously, and according to the desired use, the pipe 10 also comprises anti-wear layers 26, interposed between the composite reinforcing structure 22 and the plies of tensile armor 24, 25, as well as within the plies d 'tensile armor 24, 25. It also advantageously comprises a reinforcing tape 28, wound around the plies of tensile armor 24, 25 and an external sheath 30, intended for the protection of the pipe 10.
    In known manner, the tubular sheath 20 is intended for sealingly confining the fluid transported in the passage 13. It is formed from polymeric material, preferably thermoplastic. For example, the polymer forming the tubular sheath 20 is based on a polyolefin such as polyethylene, based on a polyamide such as PA11 or PA12, or based on a fluorinated polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
    As a variant, the tubular sheath 20 is formed on the basis of a high performance polymer such as PEK (polyetherketone), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), PEEKK (polyetheretherketone ketone), PEKK (polyetherketone ketone), PEKEKK (polyether ketoneetheroneketone) PAI (polyamide-imide), PEI (polyether-imide), PSU (polysulfone), PPSU (polyphenylsulfone), PES (polyethersulfone), PAS (polyarylsulfone), PPE (polyphenylene ether), PPS (polysulfide phenylene) LCP (liquid crystal polymers), PPA (polyphthalamide) and / or mixtures thereof or alternatively as a mixture with PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) or PFPE (perfluoropolyether).
    The thickness of the tubular sheath 20 is for example between 5 mm and 20 mm.
    The tubular sheath 20 is formed of a tube of polymer material, of a strip of assembled polymer material, or of an impregnated polymer mat.
    The flexible pipe 10 is devoid of internal carcass, it is designated by the English term "smooth bore". The internal surface of the tubular sheath 20 directly delimits the central passage 13.
    The composite reinforcing structure 22 is applied directly to the tubular sheath 20. It is assembled on the tubular sheath 20 to form an assembly linked with the tubular sheath 20.
    According to the invention, and as illustrated in FIG. 2, the composite reinforcing structure 22 comprises a plurality of laminated composite reinforcing layers 32 to 36, and an anti-delamination layer 38 interposed between at least two reinforcing layers 32 to 36 .
    With reference to FIG. 3, each composite reinforcing layer 32 comprises a polymer matrix 40 and reinforcing fibers 42 embedded in the matrix 40.
    Preferably, the matrix 40 is formed from a polymer, in particular from a thermoplastic polymer. The sheath polymer is advantageously of the same kind as that of the matrix 40. By “of the same kind”, it is understood in the sense of the present invention that the polymer of the tubular sheath 20 and the polymer of the matrix 40 are clean to melt and form an intimate mixture, without phase separation, after cooling.
    For example, the polymer forming the matrix 40 is based on a polyolefin such as polyethylene, based on a polyamide such as PA11 or PA12, or based on a fluorinated polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride ( PVDF)
    As a variant, the matrix 40 is formed on the basis of a high performance polymer such as PEK (polyetherketone), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), PEEKK (polyetheretherketone), PEKK (polyetherketone), PEKEKK (polyetherketoneoneketoneketoneoneketoneketoneoneketoneketoneoneetonone) (polyamide-imide), PEI (polyether-imide), PSU (polysulfone), PPSU (polyphenylsulfone), PES (polyethersulfone), PAS (polyarylsulfone), PPE (polyphenylene ether), PPS (phenylene polysulfide ) LCP (liquid crystal polymers), PPA (polyphthalamide) and / or mixtures thereof or alternatively as a mixture with PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) or PFPE (perfluoropolyether).
    The reinforcing fibers 42 are for example carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, and / or basalt fibers.
    The reinforcing fibers 42 generally have a maximum tensile strength greater than 2 GPa, advantageously greater than 3 GPa and for example between 3 GPa and 6 GPa, as measured by Standard ASTM D885M 10A (2014) e1.
    They have a tensile modulus greater than 50 GPa, for example between 70 GPa and 500 GPa, especially between 50 GPa and 100 GPa for glass fibers, between 100 GPa and 500 GPa for carbon fibers and between 50 GPa and 200 GPa for aramid fibers, as measured by ASTM Standard D885M - 10A (2014) e1.
    The density of the reinforcing fibers 42 is generally between 1.4 g / cm 3 and 3.0 g / cm 3 .
    The reinforcing fibers 42 are for example arranged unidirectionally in the matrix 40, as visible in FIG. 3. They are then parallel to each other. As a variant, the reinforcing fibers 42 are crossed in two orthogonal directions, as visible in FIG. 4, or else are arranged randomly in the matrix (not shown).
    The length of the reinforcing fibers 42 in each composite layer 32 to 36 is greater than 300 m, and is in particular between 300 m and 4500 m.
    The diameter of the composite fibers is for example less than 100 microns, and is in particular between 4 microns and 10 microns.
    Preferably, each reinforcing composite layer 32 to 36 is formed by a winding of at least one composite strip 44 having several layers of fibers 42 embedded in an elongated matrix 40, of length greater than at least 10 times its width and at at least 10 times its thickness.
    For example, the length of each composite strip 34 is greater than 100 m and is between 100 m and 4500 m. The width of each composite strip 44 is between 6 mm and 50 mm. The thickness of each composite strip 44 is between 0.1 mm and 1 mm.
    Each composite strip 44 thus has a tensile modulus greater than 10 MPa, in particular between 30 MPa and 200 MPa, as measured by Standard NF EN 2561, January 1996, an elongation at break greater than 1%, in particular between 1% and 5%, as measured by Standard NF EN 2561, January 1996, and a maximum tensile strength greater than 100 MPa, and in particular between 350 MPa and 3500 MPa as measured by Standard NF EN 2561, January 1996.
    During the production of each reinforcing layer 32 to 36, the or each composite strip 44 is wound around the axis A-A 'of the tubular sheath 20, and is heated to cause the partial melting of the matrix 40, and the connection with the successive turns of the composite strip 44, and / or with the adjacent layers which may be other reinforcing layers 32 to 36, anti-delamination layers 38 or the tubular sheath 20.
    The absolute value of the winding angle β of each composite strip 44 relative to the axis A-A ’of the pipe 10 is for example between 60 ° and 90 °. This ensures elongation of the composite under the effect of internal pressure, and adequate cooperation with the armor plies 24, 25.
    The thickness of each composite layer 32 to 36 is generally between 0.10 mm and 0.30 mm, for example between 0.12 mm and 0.17 mm, or between 0.22 mm and 0.27 mm.
    According to the invention, the anti-delamination layer 38 is formed from a polymer film, from a polymer film impregnated with fibers, from nanofibers, and / or from a mat of fibers pre-impregnated with a polymer material.
    The polymer material of the anti-delamination layer 38 is of the same nature as the polymer material forming the matrix of at least one reinforcing layer 32 to 36.
    By “of the same nature” is meant in the sense of the present invention that the polymer of the anti-delamination layer 38 and the polymer of the matrix 40 are capable of melting and forming an intimate mixture, without phase separation, after cooling. . Advantageously, the polymer of the anti-delamination layer 38 and the polymer of the matrix 40 are identical.
    For example, the polymer of the anti-delamination layer 38 is based on a polyolefin such as polyethylene, based on a polyamide such as PA11 or PA12, or based on a fluorinated polymer such as polyfluoride vinylidene (PVDF).
    As a variant, the polymer of the anti-delamination layer 38 is formed on the basis of a high performance polymer such as PEK (polyetherketone), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), PEEKK (polyetheretherketone ketone), PEKK (polyetherketone ketone), PEKEKK (polyether ketone ether keton ketone), PAI (polyamide-imide), PEI (polyether-imide), PSU (polysulfone), PPSU (polyphenylsulfone), PES (polyethersulfone), PAS (polyarylsulfone), PPE (polyphenylene ether), PPS (phenylene polysulphide) LCP (liquid crystal polymers), PPA (polyphthalamide) and / or mixtures thereof or in admixture with PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) or PFPE (perfluoropolyether).
    The thickness of the or each anti-delamination layer is less than 200 microns, and is in particular between 50 microns and 200 microns.
    The fibers of the anti-delamination layer 38 are preferably cut fibers or short fibers. The maximum length of cut and short fibers is less than 10 mm and is between 0.25 mm and 6 mm. Their diameter is advantageously between 12 microns and 190 microns.
    The fibers of the anti-delamination layer, when they are present, are for example carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, and / or basalt fibers.
    The nanofibers of the anti-delamination layer 38 are for example carbon nanofibers. They are formed from nanotubes, in particular multi-sheet nanotubes (MWNT). They have a diameter between 8 nm and 50 nm and a length between 1 pm and 50 pm.
    Each anti-delamination layer 38 advantageously has a tensile modulus greater than 3GPa both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction, and between 3 GPa and 4 GPa, as measured by the above-mentioned standard.
    It has a maximum tensile strength greater than 80 MPa is in particular between 90 MPa and 120 MPa in the longitudinal direction, and between 110 MPa and 130 MPa in the transverse direction, as measured by the above-mentioned standard.
    Each anti-delamination layer 38 advantageously has a compression module greater than 3GPa both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction, and between 3 GPa and 4 GPa, as measured by Standard ASTM D63814.
    Each anti-delamination layer 38 has a shear modulus greater than 1 GPa, is in particular between 1.2 GPa and 1.6 GPa, as measured by Standard ASTM D732-10.
    It has a maximum shear strength greater than 60 MPa and is in particular between 70 MPa and 90 MPa, as measured by Standard ASTM D732-10.
    An example of a film capable of forming the anti-delamination layer 38 is the Keta Spire® KT-820 film sold by the company Solvay.
    In the example shown in Figure 2, at least one anti-delamination layer 38 is interposed between each pair of adjacent reinforcing layers 32, 34; 34, 36.
    The composite strips 44 of a first reinforcement layer 32 are wound at an opposite angle with respect to the composite strips 44 of a second reinforcement layer 34 located opposite the first reinforcement layer 32 with respect to an anti layer - delamination 38.
    Thus, if the winding angle β of the composite strips 44 of a first reinforcing layer 32 relative to the axis A-A 'of the pipe 10 is equal to + β, β being between 60 ° and 80 °, the angle of winding of the composite strips 44 of a second reinforcing layer 34 with respect to the axis AA ′, the second reinforcing layer 34 being situated opposite the first reinforcing layer 32 with respect to an anti-delamination layer 38 is for example - β, with β between 60 ° and 80 °.
    The number of reinforcement layers 34 to 36 is for example between 6 and 50, the number of anti-delamination layers 38 is between 5 and 49, each anti-delamination layer 38 being disposed between two adjacent reinforcement layers 34 to 36 .
    In the example shown in FIG. 1, the flexible pipe 10 comprises an internal armor ply 24, and an external armor ply 25 around which the outer sheath 30 is arranged.
    Each armor ply 24, 25 comprises longitudinal armor elements 50 wound in a long pitch around the axis A-A ’of the pipe.
    By "coiled in long pitch", it is meant that the absolute value with respect to the axis AA ’of the helix angle is less than 50 °, and is typically between 25 ° and 45 °.
    The armor elements 50 of a first ply 24 are generally wound at an opposite angle with respect to the armor elements 50 of a second ply 25. Thus, if the winding angle relative to the axis A -A 'of the armor elements 50 of the first ply 24 is equal to + α, a being between 25 ° and 45 °, the angle of winding relative to the axis A-A' of the elements armor 50 of the second ply 25 disposed in contact with the first ply 24 is for example from - a, with a between 25 ° and 45 °.
    The armor elements 50 are for example formed by metallic wires. As a variant, the armor elements 50 are formed by flat composite wires or ribbons reinforced with carbon fibers.
    The combination of an angle β for winding the composite strips 44 of between 55 ° and 85 °, preferably between 60 and 80 °, ®c an angle a of winding of the armor elements 50 of between 25 ° and 45 °, prevents the elongation of the composite structure 22 by the compensating effect produced by the armor plies 24, 25.
    The optimal combination between the angles α, β of winding drastically reduces the stresses in the tubular assembly formed by the internal sheath 20 and the composite reinforcement structure 22, and therefore the thickness necessary to withstand the bending and pressure forces. internal or / and crushing ("collapse").
    In addition, thanks to the axial stiffness of the composite reinforcing structure 22, the tensile armor plies 24, 25 are more resistant to axial compression under the conditions of external pressure of the large bottom.
    In addition, the angle a of winding of the armor elements 50 between 25 ° and 45 °, taken in combination with the angle β of winding of the composite strips 44 between 60 ° and 80 ° allows compression of the composite reinforcement structure 22, reducing the minimum bending radius (or "MBR" in English).
    The admissible tensile deformation on the upper surface of the tubular assembly formed by the internal sheath 20 and the composite reinforcement structure 22 is greater than 1%. This deformation induces the winding radius compatible with most manufacturing and installation equipment.
    The outer sheath 30 is intended to prevent permeation of fluid from the outside of the flexible pipe 10 to the inside. It is advantageously made of polymer material, in particular based on a polyolefin, such as polyethylene, based on a polyamide, such as PA11 or PA12, or based on a fluorinated polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride. (PVDF).
    The thickness of the outer sheath 30 is for example between 5 mm and 15 mm.
    Each anti-wear layer 26 is formed for example from PA (polyamide), PE (polyethylene), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), PEKK (polyetherketoneketone). An anti-wear layer 26 is disposed between the composite structure 22 and the first tensile armor ply 24. Another anti-wear layer 26 is placed between each pair of armor plies 24, 25, advantageously as indicated in the API 17J standard mentioned above.
    The reinforcing tape 28 is formed for example of a high resistance anti-buckling layer. This layer is for example made of aramid. The ribbon is wrapped around the outermost armor ply 25, between the armor ply 25 and the outer sheath 30, advantageously as indicated in the abovementioned API Standard 17J.
    The composite structure 22 of the flexible pipe 10 is preferably manufactured in a manufacturing station 60, after formation of the tubular sheath 20, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
    The manufacturing station 60 comprises a turntable 62 defining a central orifice 64 for passage of the tubular sheath 20 and a plurality of unwinders 66, 68, carried by the turntable 62.
    Each unwinder 66, 68 is suitable for respectively unwinding composite strips 44 intended to form each reinforcing layer 32 to 36 and intermediate strips, intended to form the anti-delamination layer 38.
    Each unwinder 66, 68 comprises a reel 70 on which a strip is wound, a member 72 for guiding and applying the strip on the tubular sheath 20 or on a layer formed around the tubular sheath 20, and a heater 74.
    The guide and application member 72 here includes an application roller 73. The heating device here includes a welding laser.
    A method of manufacturing the flexible pipe 10 according to the invention will now be described.
    Initially, the tubular sheath 20 is formed, for example by extrusion. The sheath 20 is brought into the manufacturing station 60 and is moved in translation through the central opening 64.
    The plate 62 is driven in rotation about the axis of translation of the sheath 20. Each composite strip 44 and each intermediate strip are successively unwound from the coils 70 and are brought into contact with the sheath 20 or a layer formed around the sheath 20 using the guide and application member 72.
    Once in contact, each composite strip 44 and each intermediate strip is wound according to a chosen winding angle around the sheath 20 or of the layer formed around the sheath 20 and is linked to this layer by fusion generated by the device. heating 74.
    Thus, the innermost reinforcing layer 32 is applied to the tubular sheath 20 and is linked to the tubular sheath 20. The successive reinforcing layers 32 to 36 are formed and are linked together, alternately with the layers anti-delamination 38.
    Each anti-delamination layer 38 is interposed between two reinforcing layers 32 to 36 and is linked to each of these two reinforcing layers 32 to 36.
    The composite strips 44 of the same reinforcing layer 32 to 36 are linked to each other by their lateral edges, forming a continuous layer.
    Likewise, the intermediate strips of the same anti-delamination layer 38 are linked to each other by their lateral edges, forming a continuous layer.
    The composite structure 22 is thus formed.
    Then, the armor elements 50 of the tensile armor plies 24, 25 are wound around the composite reinforcement structure 22, in a non-linked manner with the composite reinforcement structure 22. Advantageously an anti-wear layer 26 is interposed between the composite structure 22 and the first ply of tensile armor 24, and between each pair of plies of tensile armor 24, 25.
    Then, a reinforcing tape 28 is wrapped around the outermost tensile armor ply 25.
    The outer sheath 30 is then formed around the tensile armor plies 24, 25, in a non-linked manner with the armor plies 24, 25.
    Advantageously, all the layers located outside of the composite reinforcing structure 22 are unbound.
    Thus, a flexible pipe 10 having a clear and smooth central passage 13 is manufactured by the method according to the invention. This flexible pipe is of the “smooth bore” type, which avoids disturbances on the flow of the fluid passing through the central passage 13. The flexible pipe 10 is particularly light, since it is devoid of internal metal carcass and pressure vault , thanks to the presence of the composite reinforcing structure 22 linked to the tubular sheath 20.
    This provides good resistance to crushing of the pipe 10, in particular at very great depths. In addition, line 10 does not present stress corrosion problems, especially in the presence of hydrogen sulfide. It has good temperature resistance, and a smaller external diameter for comparable resistances. The laying diameter of the armor plies 24, 25 is also smaller, which limits the effects of lateral buckling.
    The presence of anti-delamination layers 38 placed regularly between reinforcing layers 32 to 36 guarantees excellent mechanical strength of the pipe 10 and very good mechanical resistance properties of the composite structure 22. In particular, a significant reduction in the radius of minimum curvature is obtained.
    The anti-delamination layer 38 is joined with reinforcing layers 32 to 36 in composite by fusion thanks to its molecular compatibility thus ensuring the transmission of the charges (or stresses) from one reinforcing layer 32 to 36 to the other thanks to its mechanical properties under stress and thanks to its deformations in tension and shear. Thus, the reinforcing layers 32 to 36 made of composite absorb charges until they completely break.
    Furthermore, thanks to the anti-delamination layers 38, the tubular assembly formed by the internal sheath 20 and the composite reinforcement structure 22 remains perfectly waterproof even if the internal sheath is damaged or / and even if the matrix resin of the reinforcement layers 32 to 36 is microcracked
    The composite structure 22 of a second flexible pipe 10 according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 7. Unlike the pipe 10 illustrated in FIG. 2, the reinforcing structure 22 comprises a first reinforcing layer 32 formed of a winding of composite strips 44 oriented at an angle + β, an anti-delamination layer 38, a second reinforcing layer 34 formed by a winding of composite strips 44 oriented at an angle - β, an anti-delamination layer 38, and a third reinforcing layer 36 formed by a winding of composite strips 44 oriented at the same angle - β as the second reinforcing layer 32.
    The composite structure 22 of a third flexible pipe 10 according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 8. Unlike the pipe 10 illustrated in FIG. 2, the reinforcing structure 22 comprises a succession of pairs of reinforcing layers 32 , 34, with opposite angles of winding of composite strips of angles + β; -β applied directly to each other. An anti-delamination layer 38 is applied between two successive pairs of reinforcing layers 32, 34 applied one on top of the other.
    The angular orientation of the pairs of reinforcing layers 32, 34 is for example identical from one pair of reinforcing layers 32, 34 to the other (for example + β; -β), or varies from a pair of layers reinforcement to the other (for example alternating + β; -β and -β; + β).
    In a variant (not shown), a hoop formed of a wire wound in a short pitch, that is to say with a winding angle between 80 ° and 90 °, replaces the reinforcing tape 28.
    In a variant (not shown), at least one optical fiber is arranged in a reinforcing layer 32 to 34 for transporting information, and / or for carrying out temperature and / or stress detection.
    In another variant, illustrated by FIG. 9, the installation 15 comprises, from the surface assembly 16 towards the bottom assembly 17 a flexible line 18 comprising a head section 80, a vertical riser section 82, a curved intermediate section 84, and a bottom section 86 disposed on the bottom of the body of water 14.
    In this example, the vertical riser section 82, the curved intermediate section 84 and the bottom section 86 are formed of pipes 10 according to the invention.
    On the contrary, the head section 80 is formed of an unbound flexible pipe devoid of composite reinforcement structure 22. In the head section 80, the composite structure 22 is replaced by a carcass disposed in the internal tubular sheath 20, and by a pressure vault wrapped around the tubular sheath 20.
    The vertical riser section 82 is formed by a flexible pipe 10 as illustrated in FIG. 1.
    The curved intermediate section 84 differs from the vertical riser section 82 in that the pipe 10 according to the invention comprises four successive layers of armor separated by anti-wear layers 26.
    The bottom section 86 differs from the riser section 82 in that it does not have anti-wear layers 26.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1Flexible fluid transport pipe (10), comprising:
    - a tubular sheath (20) with a central axis (A-A ’) defining an internal passage (13) for fluid circulation;
    - a tubular composite structure (22), applied to the tubular sheath (20) and linked to the tubular sheath (20), the tubular composite structure (22) comprising at least two reinforcing layers (32 to 36) laminated, each layer reinforcement (32 to 36) comprising a matrix (40) of polymer and reinforcement fibers (42);
    - at least one ply of tensile armor (24, 25), not linked to the tubular composite structure (22), the ply of tensile armor (24, 25) comprising at least one armor element (50) wrapped around the tubular composite structure (22);
    characterized in that the tubular composite structure (22) comprises at least one anti-delamination layer (38) interposed between two laminated reinforcing layers (32 to 36).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. - Pipe (10) according to claim 1, wherein the or each armor element (50) is wound helically around the central axis (A-A ') with a winding angle (a) included between 25 ° and 45 °.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. - Pipe (10) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the anti-delamination layer (38) is formed from a polymer film, a polymer film impregnated with fibers and / or nanofibers , or / and a mat of fibers pre-impregnated with a polymer material.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. - Pipe (10) according to claim 3, wherein the polymeric material of the anti-delamination layer (38) is of the same nature as the polymeric material forming the matrix (40) of at least one reinforcing layer (32 to 36).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. - Pipe (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the thickness of the or each anti-delamination layer (38) is less than 200 microns, and is in particular between 50 microns and 200 microns.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. - Pipe (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which at least one reinforcing layer (32 to 36) is formed from a helical winding of a composite strip (44) at a first angle. winding (β) around the central axis (A-A '), the first winding angle (β) being between 55 ° and 85 °, especially between 60 ° and 80 °.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. - Pipe (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a first reinforcing layer (32 to 36) is formed from a helical winding of a composite strip (44) at a first angle d 'winding (+ β) around the central axis (A-A'), the second reinforcing layer (32 to 36) located opposite the first reinforcing layer (32 to 36) relative to the layer anti-delamination (38) being formed from a helical winding of a composite strip (44) at a second winding angle (-β) around the central axis (A-A '), opposite the first winding angle (+ β) around the central axis (A-A ').
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. - Pipe (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the tubular composite structure (22) comprises at least three reinforcing layers (32 to 36) laminated, and between each pair of reinforcing layers (32 to 36) adjacent, an anti-delamination layer (38).
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. - Pipe (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the tubular composite structure (22) comprises at least three laminated reinforcing layers (32 to 36), a first reinforcing layer (32 to 36) and a second reinforcing layer (32 to 36) being in contact with one another, the tubular composite structure (22) comprising an anti-delamination layer (38) interposed between the second reinforcing layer (32 to 36) and the third reinforcement layer (32 to 36).
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. - Pipe (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the thickness of each reinforcing layer (32 to 36) is less than 1 mm and is in particular between 0.1 mm and 1 mm.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. - Pipe (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a hoop wound in a spiral around the or each sheet of tensile armor (24, 25).
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. - Installation (15) for operating fluid through a body of water (14), comprising:
    - a bottom assembly (17);
    - a surface assembly (16);
    - a fluid transport line (18), connecting the bottom assembly (17) to the surface assembly (16), the line (18) comprising a bottom section (86) of fluid transport, s' pressing on the bottom of the body of water (14), a substantially vertical section (82) of a riser, and an intermediate curved section (84) connecting the bottom section (86) to the substantially vertical section (82), at least one of the bottom section (86), the substantially vertical section (82), and the intermediate section (84) being formed of a flexible pipe (10) according to any one of the preceding claims.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. - Installation (15) according to claim 12, wherein the line (18) comprises a head section (80) formed of an unbound flexible pipe.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. - Method for manufacturing a flexible pipe (10), comprising the following steps:
    - supply of a tubular sheath (20) with a central axis (A-A ’) defining an internal passage (13) for fluid circulation;
    - Formation of a tubular composite structure (22), applied to the tubular sheath (20) and linked to the tubular sheath (20), the tubular composite structure (22) comprising at least two laminated reinforcing layers (32 to 36) each reinforcing layer (32 to 36) comprising a matrix (40) of polymer and reinforcing fibers (42);
    - provision, around the tubular composite structure (22), of at least one sheet of tensile armor (24, 25), not linked to the tubular composite structure (22), the or each sheet of tensile armor (24, 25) comprising at least one armor element (50) wound around the tubular composite structure (22);
    characterized in that the tubular composite structure (22) comprises at least one anti-delamination layer (38) interposed between two laminated reinforcing layers (32 to 36).
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. - Method according to claim 14, wherein the formation of the tubular composite structure (22) comprises the following steps:
    - winding around the tubular sheath (20) of a composite strip (44) comprising a matrix (40) of polymer and reinforcing fibers (42), and heating of the composite strip (44) wound to form a first layer reinforcement (32 to 36);
    winding around the first reinforcing layer (32 to 36), a strip of a polymer film, a polymer film impregnated with fibers, or / and a mat of fibers pre-impregnated with a polymer material, and heating the strip of polymer film, of polymer film impregnated with fibers, or / and of fiber mat pre-impregnated with a polymer material to form the anti-delamination layer (38), and to assemble it on the first layer of reinforcement (32 to 36);
    - winding around the anti-delamination layer (38) of a composite strip (44) comprising a matrix (40) of polymer and reinforcing fibers (42), heating of the composite strip (44) wound to form a second reinforcement layer (32 to 36).
    1/3
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3059072B1|2019-01-25|
    EP3542089B1|2022-02-09|
    EP3542089A1|2019-09-25|
    BR112019010058A2|2019-09-03|
    WO2018091693A1|2018-05-24|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4850395A|1987-12-11|1989-07-25|Simplex Wire & Cable|High pressure flexible pipe|
    US20110168288A1|2008-09-19|2011-07-14|Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.|Flexible pipes made of a polyaryletherketone/perfluoropolymer composition|
    US20130263963A1|2010-09-30|2013-10-10|Deepflex Inc.|Reinforcement stack|
    FR2973469A1|2011-03-29|2012-10-05|Technip France|SUB-MARINE FLEXIBLE TUBULAR DRIVING FOR LARGE DEPTH AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE|
    FR2987883A1|2012-03-06|2013-09-13|Technip France|ARMOR ELEMENT FOR A FLEXIBLE LINE INTENDED TO BE PLACED IN A WATER EXTEND, FLEXIBLE LINE, METHOD AND METHOD THEREOF|
    GB2504065A|2012-06-29|2014-01-22|Statoil Petroleum As|Subsea flexible riser|
    FR3016019A1|2013-12-27|2015-07-03|Technip France|HIGH RESISTANCE FLEXIBLE TUBULAR DRIVE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE|WO2021019180A1|2019-07-30|2021-02-04|Arkema France|Multilayer structure for transporting or storing gas or for exploiting offshore oil deposits under the sea|
    WO2021019181A1|2019-07-30|2021-02-04|Arkema France|Multilayer structure for transporting or storing hydrogen|
    CN112377114A|2020-10-16|2021-02-19|天津大学|Flexible riser tensile armor layer interweaving type connection method|NO314958B1|1998-06-24|2003-06-16|Wellstream Int Ltd|Flexible, polymeric, composite rudder such as a flexible riser|US20210381627A1|2018-10-26|2021-12-09|Fmc Technologies, Inc.|Flexible pipe for hydraulic fracturing applications|
    法律状态:
    2017-11-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-05-25| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20180525 |
    2019-11-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-11-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-11-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1661239|2016-11-18|
    FR1661239A|FR3059072B1|2016-11-18|2016-11-18|FLEXIBLE FLUID TRANSPORT DRIVE, ASSOCIATED INSTALLATION AND METHOD|FR1661239A| FR3059072B1|2016-11-18|2016-11-18|FLEXIBLE FLUID TRANSPORT DRIVE, ASSOCIATED INSTALLATION AND METHOD|
    PCT/EP2017/079681| WO2018091693A1|2016-11-18|2017-11-17|Flexible fluid transport pipe, and associated facility and method|
    EP17809219.3A| EP3542089B1|2016-11-18|2017-11-17|Flexible fluid transport pipe, and associated facility and method|
    BR112019010058A| BR112019010058A2|2016-11-18|2017-11-17|hose for fluid transport, fluid exploration installation through a body of water and method of manufacturing a hose|
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